Harvard Business Review

AUGUST 17, 2012

billion in the year ended March 2012, up close to ten times since 2000. To access these markets profitably, Cipla offers a broad portfolio of products, so that it can achieve economies of scale in marketing and distribution, and carefully monitors overheads (its SG&A is 20% versus the traditional big pharma 30%).

Fixed Costs 13

Fixed Costs Marketing Sales Sales 13

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 6, 2016

In many industries, the capital required to build an asset of minimum efficient scale is growing. For instance, the cost of building and equipping a leading-edge semiconductor fab has climbed to $7 billion, as the technology required to make more advanced chips is getting more complex. Model 6: Cofunding of a third-party asset.

Assets 12

Assets Operations Insurance Telecommunications 12

Harvard Business Review

JULY 27, 2017

In 2012, one of us — Gregor Gimmy, a California-based serial entrepreneur and former IDEO consultant — accepted a new role at BMW’s corporate R&D headquarters. From 2012 to 2015, the number of global corporate venture capital deals almost doubled, and their investments quadrupled, to $29.1

Fixed Costs 8

Fixed Costs Variable Costs Administration Media 8

Harvard Business Review

NOVEMBER 29, 2013

A fascinating business dynamic will unfold as health care providers in the United States shift from a reimbursement system that has historically paid for procedures performed to one that rewards population health — providing the total care of a community at a fixed cost and improving its members overall health.

Revenue 9

Revenue Nonprofit Operations Hospitality 9

Harvard Business Review

MAY 21, 2015

The costly and complex operations of transporting energy have made utilities natural monopolies, while regulatory barriers and the high fixed costs of building and maintaining regional electrical grid infrastructure have also kept much competition at bay. from 2012 through 2014.

Energy 15

Energy Transportation Real Estate Software 15